RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the knowledge about physiological aspects, clinical management, and nutrition of primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by sociodemographic, economic, and clinical variables. Material and methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study in 22 Family Health Strategy units in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, in 2015 among 353 patients registered with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Knowledge was assessed using the diabetes knowledge scale questionnaire. Data were presented with absolute frequencies and percentages and analyzed using Poisson regression. Results: Most respondents demonstrated satisfactory knowledge in the field of physiology (60.30%) and unsatisfactory knowledge in clinical management (67.7%) and nutrition (61.5%). Schooling was associated with knowledge in the areas of physiology, clinical management and nutrition, and treatment associated with clinical management. Conclusion: Knowledge about type 2 diabetes mellitus was related to sociodemographic characteristics and treatment. The importance of health education for coping with this chronic condition is evident.
Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos sobre aspectos fisiológicos, manejo clínico y nutrición de usuarios con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 registrados en unidades de Atención Primaria y su análisis según variables sociodemográficas, económicas y clínicas. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional y transversal realizado en 22 unidades de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia de la ciudad de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, en 2015 con 353 pacientes registrados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado para evaluar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas. El conocimiento se evaluó mediante el cuestionario de la escala de conocimiento de la diabetes. Los datos se presentaron en frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. El análisis de datos utilizó la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados demostró conocimientos satisfactorios en el campo de fisiología (60,30%) y conocimientos insatisfactorios en manejo clínico (67,7%) y nutrición (61,5%). La escolaridad se asoció con conocimientos en las áreas de Fisiología, Manejo Clínico y Nutrición e treatment con Manejo Clínico. Conclusión: El conocimiento sobre la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 está relacionado con las características sociodemográficas y el. tratamento. La importancia de la educación en salud para el enfrentamiento de esta condición crónica es evidente.
RESUMO
Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and analyze the associated factors in pregnant women assisted by family health teams. Methods: epidemiological observational study of populational, cross-sectional, and analytical base carried out with pregnant women at the Estratégia de Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, between October 2018 and November 2019. Socioeconomic and demographic, obstetric characteristics, social and family support, emotional aspects and comorbidities. The presence of overweight/obesity was estimated by the initial Body Mass Index (up to the 13th gestational week) acquired from the pregnant woman's health booklet. Hierarchized Poisson regression with robust variance was carried out. Results: a total of 1,279 pregnant women participated in this study. The prevalence of overweight/ obesity was 45.3% and was associated with the following factors: having a partner (PR=1.52; CI95% =1.24-1.86), higher family income (PR=1.23; CI95% =1.04-1.46), presence of previous pregnancies (PR=1.65; CI95% =1.39-1.95%), higher age group (PR=2.26; CI95% =1.70-3.01), gestational diabetes mellitus (PR=1.43; CI95% =1.21-1.69) and systemic arterial hypertension (PR=1.29; CI95% =1.04-1.61). Conclusion: there was a high prevalence of overweight/obesity in the evaluated pregnant women and its association with sociodemographic and obstetric factors and chronic comorbidities. There is a necessity for monitoring and carrying out nutritional education in prenatal care provided by family health teams, with emphasis on strengthening multidisciplinary care.
Resumo Objetivos: estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e analisar os fatores associados em gestantes assistidas por equipes de saúde da família. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico observacional de base populacional, transversal e analítico, realizado com gestantes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família em Montes Claros, MG, Brasil, entre outubro de 2018 a novembro de 2019. Avaliaram-se características socioeconômicas e demográficas, obstétricas, apoio social e familiar, aspectos emocionais e comorbidades. A presença de sobrepeso/ obesidade foi estimada pelo Índice de Massa Corporal inicial (até 13ª semana gestacional) adquirido da caderneta da gestante. Foi realizada regressão de Poisson hierarquizada com variância robusta. Resultados: participaram deste estudo 1.279 gestantes. A prevalência do sobrepeso/obesidade foi de 45,3% e esteve associada aos fatores: ter companheiro(a) (RP=1,52; IC95%=1,24-1,86), maior renda familiar (RP=1,23; IC95%=1,04-1,46), presença de gestações anteriores (RP=1,65; IC95%=1,39-1,95%), maior faixa etária (RP=2,26; IC 95%=1,70-3,01), diabetes mellitus gestacional (RP=1,43; IC95%=1,21-1,69) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (RP=1,29; IC95%=1,04-1,61). Conclusão: verificou-se alta prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade nas gestantes avaliadas e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, obstétricos e comorbidades crônicas. Há necessidade de monitoramento e de realização da educação nutricional no cuidado pré-natal prestado pelas equipes de saúde da família, com ênfase no fortalecimento do cuidado multiprofissional.